Numerous epidemiologic analyses combined with evidence of biologic plausibility support a cause-and-effect relationship between increased PA and/or CRF levels and reduced CVD mortality. Because physical inactivity and low CRF are modifiable risk factors, clinicians should routinely assess and prescribe structured exercise and increased lifestyle PA to the patients they counsel. Finally, we discuss the rationale for and value of exercise training programs for individuals with peripheral artery disease (PAD), type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM), and heart failure (HF), or combinations thereof. Additional topics include oxygen consumption reserve (V̇O 2R), rating of perceived exertion (RPE), minimum exercise training intensity to maximize survival benefits, the cardioprotective value of progressing the exercise intensity, complementary exercise interventions such as resistance training, lifestyle PA, marathon/triathlon training, and the advantages, limitations and unknowns of high-intensity interval training (HIIT). In this scientific statement (Part II), we expand on previous review articles and guidelines and those topics covered in Part I, with specific reference to CRF and PA as distinct risk factors, how to prescribe exercise, including the intensity, frequency, duration, and type of training activity, as well as the concept of MET-minutes per week. Higher levels of PA and/or CRF before hospitalization for acute coronary syndromes and elective or emergent surgical procedures also appear to yield more favorable short-term outcomes. In fact, for the primary and secondary prevention of cardiovascular disease (CVD), each 1 MET increase in CRF confers an ∼16% decrease in mortality, which compares favorably with the survival benefit provided by commonly prescribed cardiovascular (CV) medications after acute myocardial infarction (AMI). The volume of regular physical activity (PA) and level of cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF), expressed as mL/kg/min or as metabolic equivalents (METs 1 MET = 3.5 mLO 2/kg/min), are inversely related to the risk of coronary heart disease (CHD). In addition, we discuss the rationale for and value of exercise training programs for patients with peripheral artery disease, diabetes mellitus, and heart failure. Recommendations are provided regarding the appropriate intensity, frequency, and duration of training the concept of MET-minutes per week critical components of the exercise session (warm-up, conditioning phase, cool-down) methodologies for establishing the training intensity, including oxygen uptake reserve (V̇O 2R), target heart rate derivation and rating perceived exertion minimum and goal intensities for exercise training and, types of training activities, including resistance training, adjunctive lifestyle PA, marathon/triathlon training, and high-intensity interval training. This scientific statement reviews the clinical and physiologic basis for the prescription of exercise, with specific reference to the volume of physical activity (PA) and level of cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) that confer significant and optimal cardioprotective benefits. acefitness.The prescription of exercise for individuals with and without cardiovascular disease (CVD) should be scientifically-based yet adapted to the patient. Rev up your cardio workout with this 15-minute drill. education-and-resources/professional/expert-articles/5326/6-exercise-swaps-that-will-kick-up-the-intensity-of-your-workout 6 exercise swaps that will kick up the intensity of your workout. education-and-resources/lifestyle/blog/5228/calorie-burning-20-minute-hiit-workout cdc.gov/healthyweight/physical_activity/index.html Physical activity for a healthy weight.healthy-lifestyle/fitness/in-depth/aerobic-exercise/art-20045541?pg=2 Aerobic exercise: Top 10 reasons to get physical. education-and-resources/lifestyle/exercise-library/181/lateral-shuffles education-and-resources/lifestyle/exercise-library/254/inchworms education-and-resources/professional/expert-articles/5744/15-minute-cardio-workout-using-nontraditional-equipment 15-minute cardio workout using nontraditional equipment. my./health/articles/7050-aerobic-exercise You can learn more about how we ensure our content is accurate and current by reading our editorial policy. Healthline has strict sourcing guidelines and relies on peer-reviewed studies, academic research institutions, and medical associations.
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